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Rock Mass Rating (RMR89) Calculator

Rock Mass Rating is an empirical engineering-geology classification, not a measured material property or a complete design method. This calculator implements the Rock Mass Rating table published as Table 6-3 in the U.S. Federal Highway Administration Road Tunnel Manual, after Bieniawski 1989 . Labeling the version matters because historical RMR tables and later modifications do not always use identical ratings, descriptors, correlations, or application rules. Do not combine values from RMR76, RMR89, modified RMR, slope-specific variants, or another source without documenting the exact method. Basic RMR is the sum of five ratings: intact-rock strength, rock quality designation, spacing of discontinuities, condition of discontinuities, and groundwater. Orientation-adjusted RMR adds a sixth, application-specific deduction for the relationship between the relevant discontinuity set and a tunnel or mine opening, foundation, or slope. The arithmetic shown on the page is adjusted RMR equals strength rating plus RQD rating plus spacing rating plus condition rating plus groundwater rating plus orientation adjustment. Intact-rock strength uses a laboratory-supported uniaxial compressive strength input. The RMR89 ratings are 15 above 250 MPa, 12 from 100 through 250 MPa, 7 from 50 to below 100 MPa, 4 from 25 to below 50 MPa, 2 from 5 to below 25 MPa, 1 from 1 to below 5 MPa, and 0 below 1 MPa. GeoMiner accepts MPa or psi and converts psi to MPa before assigning a band. Exactly 250 MPa remains in the 100-250 MPa band because the top band is printed as greater than 250 MPa. Strength of a small intact specimen is not the strength of the fractured in-situ rock mass. Use representative testing, sample preparation, saturation state, loading direction, lithology, weathering, anisotropy, scale, and quality controls. RQD contributes 20 points from 90 through 100 percent, 17 from 75 to below 90, 13 from 50 to below 75, 8 from 25 to below 50, and 3 below 25. RQD must come from a defensible core-logging procedure. It is directional, threshold-sensitive, recovery- and drilling-dependent, and does not describe aperture, roughness, infill, persistence, orientation, water, stress, or block geometry. Never infer RQD from a photograph or visual rock name. Discontinuity spacing contributes 20 points only when spacing is greater than 2 m, 15 from 0.6 through 2 m, 10 from 0.2 to below 0.6

Verification resources

Cross-check terminology, classification, methods, and safety with these authoritative external resources.

  • undefined. Publishes Table 6-3, Rock Mass Rating System after Bieniawski (1989), including all five basic ratings, discontinuity-condition subratings, application-specific orientation adjustments, classes, and the mutually exclusive-condition footnote.
  • undefined. Explains the five-parameter basic RMR, the separate orientation adjustment for tunnels, slopes, or foundations, historical variants, and why a classification is not a complete design analysis.
  • undefined. Requires sufficient field and core data, competent geologic logging, fracture-system analysis, application-specific treatment of orientation, and close engineering-geology collaboration.
  • undefined. Describes RMR as an empirical case-history classification, stresses representative discontinuity data and scale, and explains why field mapping and qualified interpretation remain essential.

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Common questions

What is Rock Mass Rating (RMR)?
RMR is an empirical rock-mass classification. The RMR89 table combines intact-rock strength, RQD, discontinuity spacing, discontinuity condition, groundwater, and an application-specific discontinuity-orientation adjustment.
What is the difference between basic and adjusted RMR?
Basic RMR sums the first five parameter ratings. Adjusted RMR adds the orientation deduction selected for a tunnel or mine opening, foundation, or slope. A basic result does not make orientation irrelevant.
How are exact category boundaries handled?
GeoMiner follows the inequalities printed in FHWA Table 6-3: UCS greater than 250 MPa scores 15 while exactly 250 MPa remains in the 100-250 MPa band; spacing greater than 2 m scores 20 while exactly 2 m remains in the 0.6-2 m band.
Why are there two discontinuity-condition methods?
Table 6-3 provides five detailed subratings but warns that some descriptors are mutually exclusive and that controlling infill can overshadow roughness. Direct A4 selection preserves the published alternative for those cases.
Can this calculator design rock support or prove stability?
No. RMR is empirical and scale-, orientation-, observation-, and application-dependent. Consequential decisions require site-specific investigation, analyses, applicable standards, and qualified engineering judgment.

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